Acquiring Target Corporation Essay -- Business

ACQUIRING TARGET CORPORATIONINTRODUCTIONThe current economic recession has taken a toll on corporations. Those who survive stay within their financial means, are innovative in retaining and attracting customers, and use technology to distinguish themselves from their competitors. Target throne is a company that possesses all of these characteristics. While some companies have cut payroll or ceased to exist, Target Corporation has survived in the economic recession and is positioned to realize further market share as economic conditions continue to improve.The purpose of this report is to analyze Target Corporations financial statements, determine the in store(predicate) developing potential of the company, and make a recommendation for or against the acquisition of the company.POTENTIAL FOR GROWTHAlthough many competing companies are projecting insignificant profit growth over the next few years, Target Corporation is projecting profit growth in the near future. Target expec ts 2012 annual sales to increase by four to five percent (Target Corporation, 2011). When combined with their continued emphasis on technology, customer rewards, and customer relations, the future of Target Corporation looks bright.Making Use of engine roomTarget Corporation recognizes the importance of technology in reaching its customers. In 2011 the company launched a completely redesigned website that focuses on ease of use. Target also has an industry leading mobile application that allows the company to reach its customers regardless of where they are located. In fact, Mobile Commerce Daily named Target the 2010 Mobile Retailer of the family (Target Corporation, 2011). It is in this sector that Targets potential for growth is the highe... ...ved establish 11, 2012, from http//sites.target.com/site/en/company/page.jsp?contentId=WCMP04-031794Microsoft Network. (2012, March 8). Target Corp. Retrieved from MSN.Money http//investing.money.msn.com/investments/Moore, P. (n.d.) T arget to add PFresh market place concept at 350 stores. Business News The Business Journals. Retrieved March 13, 2012, from http//www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2009/11/16/daily32.htmlTarget Acquisition. (2011, January 13). Target Pressroom. Retrieved March 13, 2012, from http//pressroom.target.com/pr/news/target-corporation-to-acquire-real-estate.aspxTarget Corporation. (2011, March 11). Target 2010 Annual Report. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http//investors.target.comTarget Corporation. (2012, February 23). Target Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2011 Earnings. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from http//investors.target.com

Propaganda and How It Is Uses by United States Government :: American Government, American Expansion

In today society, our daily lives are surrounding by ads, television, internet, the presses, and many worldly concernations. These are well-nigh of the many forms of what is called propaganda. It is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to return oneself (Online Wikipedia). Here, I am not talking about some superstores promotion like Wal-Mart or Costco to persuade us to buy their products. On the contrary, I am talking about how propaganda is use by United States Government to dominate the earthly concern point of view in time of wars, or alter public perception of political or none political issues. Now, let us look at some historical events where our government uses propaganda in those situations. Begin with the Philippines war, guideword like advancing immunity, Christian benevolence, and prosperity were use to break the anti-imperial traditions of the people in order to enable the McKinley A dministration to legally occupy wars against the Filipinos for control of the Philippine Islands (Brewer 14). The intention of the war was that the U.S. believed the islands are strategic locations to the markets and natural resources of Asia (Brewer 14). However, the truth can not be disclosed to the public, and government needs public supports for the war. And so, the McKinley Administration portrait a total different image of American expansion in the Pacific as a continuation of Manifest Destiny, compare the Filipinos to Native Americans, calling them savage warriors or little brown brothers (Brewer 15). Then come World War I, President Woodrow Wilson Administration established the Creel Commission to talk through ones hat the so called extremely pacifistic population to wrath war against Germany (Chomsky 11). And at the end of the war, the same strategy of propaganda is use to destroying unions and eliminating such dangerous problems as freedom of the press and freedom o f political thought (Chomsky 12). This was later known as the Red Scare. Although under the leadership of the President, the propaganda used are strongly support and pushed by the media and businesses for their own interest. Furthermore, there is that certain group of people in society who considered themselves as the more intelligent members of the community or specialized class of accountable men who believed only they can understand the common interests of the people (Chomsky 12, 15).

Anthem: The Process of Liberation :: Anthem Essays

Anthem  The Process of Liberation     Many years ago, I read my first book by Ayn Rand, Anthem. I completed the book in about four hours. At the time, I was not mature bounteous to fully appreciate Anthems powerful symbolism. My attitude as I read the beginning of the book was one of indifference and confusion, maturing only later into concern and energetic interest. This experience began a new phase in my intellectual development that soon led me to read Atlas Shrugged. I then started on Ayn Rands non-fictional works. My reason of Rands philosophical system, however, came piece by piece. There was no one instant of recognition, no single aha. Until recently, I was not fully aware that I had been touch on so deeply. My progress was step-by-step and I had never looked all the way back. As I began to read Anthem for a second time, I institute myself in acute pain, even at the first paragraph. I continued to read it feeling much as a person would when tourin g a assiduity camp, for, in effect, that was exactly what I was doing. There was not one hint of levity in my mood I do not even recall breathing. I was truly looking all the way back. At the end of chapter nine, when Equality 7-2521 is only if, in the most profound backbone of the word, with his Golden One, she says slowly, We are one ... alone ... and only ... and we love you who are one ... alone ... and only, I feared I could tolerate the book no longer. I had finally understood that profound sense of loneliness and despair a person can feel when they want to say I love you, but cannot say I. I could not substantiate how my previous reading could have seemed so easy. I proceeded, at a forced march, all the way to chapter eleven. I had never experienced the concept of enceinte reading before. When I read the words, I am, I realized that I had become Equality 7-2521 and that his

The Gospel of John :: essays papers

The Gospel of keisterAn Essay Written forA Humanities Course ThatStudies the Bible As AHistorical written documentTHE GOSPEL OF JOHNThe Man from Heaven, Bread of Life, Light of TheWorld, Living Water, .... and of course, Son of Man.This is who Jesus is in The Gospel of John. Jesus life isportrayed very differently from the new(prenominal) Synoptic Gospelshe lives completely within symbolism, and glorification.In cultivation the Gospel of John, I felt that Jesus was (more)clear to me, unlike my feelings in reading Matthew and quarry.Perhaps this is because I have gained knowledge of who thehistorical Jesus was since my first readings. However, Ifind that John writes about Jesus and Christianity more inthe room that conventional American Christianity practicestoday I see the verses most familiar to me (John 316), andI see the symbolism that I am used to. intimately importantly, Isee the lengthy teachings and sayings of Jesus, that are lessfrequent in the earlier creed. Thi s is the Jesus I am usedtoThroughout this essay, I will show the parallels anddifferences from the Gospel of John and the earlier gospels(mostly Mark), as I discuss the anonymous evangelist(s)conception of the word of God.1. John 3152. John 6483. John 144. John 737-395. Has been believed to be John, Son of Zebedee.The Gospel of John was written between 90-100 ADE. A slowlybook in the New Testament, it deals with different problemsthan the early Gospel of Mark. Although the book does nottry to stray from the special traditions of Christianity(after all, The Christian Church has become slopped by thistime), the book the Life of Jesus, to meet the needsof the community in 100 ADE.What were the changes that the Johannine Community had todeal with and, how does the Gospel of John differ fromearlier gospels to deal with these changes?The entire new testament is apocalyptic writing, by authorswho (obviously) believe in the Parousia. We see a lot ofdifferent religions of the time develop a Christ figure ...it is a sign of the times it reflects that most people weredesperate for help from political and social problems thatthey could not escape. This is the community that the Gospelof Mark wrote for the desperate, looking toward their Godfor help. Now the Gospel of John has to deal with the Parousia, that Christiansbelieved was coming.The Johannine author(s) clearly had the Gospel of Mark

Essay on the Evils of Capitalism Exposed in Catch-22 -- Catch-22

Evils of Capitalism Exposed in Catch-22 Thats or so catch, that Catch-22 (47). Some catch indeed, for Catch-22 is the best there is (47). A strange paradox preventing men from being grounded under any circumstances, Catch-22 eventually evolves into a justification for doing virtually anything. aft(prenominal) all, it says anyone can do anything that we cant stop them from doing (416). A less obviously stated, but equally powerful, validation for ones actions is the guarantee of profit. It is odd how many wrongs leaving money seems to right (418), for the promise or presence of some form of profit, rights even the wrongs warranted by Catch-22. Milo Minderbinder takes full advantage of this powerful reasoning and uses it extremely well. Yet, rather than using it to right wrongs, Milo uses it to justify his protest dastardly deeds. Therefore, throughout Catch-22, Milos capitalistic greed leads him to be an emblem evil. Milo spends most of his time in the army traveling Europe, the Middle East, and Africa in lookup of the best deal. With the use of donated army equipment (239) he buys and sells various items in order to make the highest profit. Rather than fly missions, Milo seeks to make money, capitalizing on his time abroad. After all, Milo didnt start this war...hes just trying to put it on a businesslike basis (262). This attitude leads Milo to begin a syndicate, one in which everybody has a share (238-239). This proposed arrangement keeps everyone at ease, so much so it leads to general sloth. Because everybody has a share, ...men get fat and move nearly tamely with toothpicks in their greasy lips (259). matchless by one, the men succumb to the charms of plenty as well as to their internal greed... ...avoids and resists many things that bring him closer to death or to violating his morals. Be it Aarfy, Colonel Cathcart, or war itself, Yossarian distances himself from the evil in question. Ironically, defiant as he is, Yossarian fails to break through the limitations of the syndicate and actually befriends its proprietor. Yossarian doesnt even attempt to do otherwise, for even he sagged back in a contented stupor, his mouth filmy with a succulent residue (22) Yossarian had become one of the men who got fat and moved about with toothpicks in their greasy lips (259). Therefore, even he who refuses to conform to other standards is corrupted by the sweet blandishments and innocent appearance of capitalism. The novel thus ends on the watch over that no one remains free from so powerful a force. Works Cited Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York Knopf, Inc., 1995.

Essay on the Evils of Capitalism Exposed in Catch-22 -- Catch-22

Evils of Capitalism Exposed in Catch-22 Thats some catch, that Catch-22 (47). Some catch indeed, for Catch-22 is the best there is (47). A strange paradox preventing men from being grounded nether any circumstances, Catch-22 eventually evolves into a justification for doing virtually anything. After all, it says anyone can do anything that we cant stop them from doing (416). A less obviously stated, but equally powerful, validation for ones actions is the guarantee of profit. It is odd how many wrongs leaving money seems to right (418), for the promise or presence of some form of profit, rights even the wrongs warranted by Catch-22. Milo Minderbinder takes good advantage of this powerful reasoning and uses it extremely well. Yet, rather than using it to right wrongs, Milo uses it to justify his own dastardly deeds. Therefore, throughout Catch-22, Milos capitalistic greed leads him to be an emblem evil. Milo spends most of his time in the army traveling Europe, the Middle East, an d Africa in search of the best deal. With the use of donated army equipment (239) he buys and sells versatile items in order to make the highest profit. Rather than fly missions, Milo seeks to make money, capitalizing on his time abroad. After all, Milo didnt start this war...hes just trying to tack it on a businesslike basis (262). This attitude leads Milo to begin a syndicate, one in which everybody has a share (238-239). This proposed arrangement keeps everyone at ease, so much so it leads to general sloth. Because everybody has a share, ...men get fat and move about tamely with toothpicks in their greasy lips (259). One by one, the men succumb to the charms of plenty as well as to their internal greed... ...avoids and resists many things that bring him closer to death or to violating his morals. Be it Aarfy, Colonel Cathcart, or war itself, Yossarian distances himself from the evil in question. Ironically, defiant as he is, Yossarian fails to break through the limitations of the syndicate and actually befriends its proprietor. Yossarian doesnt even attempt to do otherwise, for even he sagged back in a contented stupor, his lip filmy with a succulent residue (22) Yossarian had become one of the men who got fat and moved about with toothpicks in their greasy lips (259). Therefore, even he who refuses to align to other standards is corrupted by the sweet blandishments and innocent appearance of capitalism. The novel thus ends on the note that no one remains free from so powerful a force. Works Cited Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York Knopf, Inc., 1995.

Performance Management Essay

Q 1-Be able to identify and agree implementation quarry1.1 relieve link between somebody group and bump offupal clinical Link between institutional objective and the police squad is in truth important for the progress of an introduce. organisational objective ar set in order to reach the goal of an organization. every organization has an aim to achieve so until every single atom of staff not know the objective of the organization its difficult to achieve that goal. In an organization there ar certain collections and each group has diametric groups. Every person team has different toil to do but each(prenominal) these different tasks are linked to the briny objective of the organization and all the individual team tasks are support the objective of organization to fulfill. If the organizational objective is clear to the every individual team instalment than its easy to achieve team task. Principal behind the link between individual team and organizational obje ctive is that if the individual team knows the organizational objective than they can play better role to achieve objective and can easily complete their individual task which support to achieve organizational objective.1.2 recognize the selection of and agree individual and team objectives Team is group of people which work together to achieve goal every team member has different task which related to the objective of the team. Agreeing team objective is more difficult to agreeing individual objective be draw there are more people multiform signify more skill, experience and handling task with different styluss. So than ane should be more carefully deal when agreeing the team objective. come uponing and selection of and agree individual and team objective has very important for achieving the main objective of organization. If we selected right persons for achieving the individual objectives then(prenominal) its easy to achieve the team objective as easy as organizational.E very team has its own team leader and he has an objective to achieve to complete that objective he has to complete different task to complete he has to select right person from his team to fulfill that task .for different tasks he has to select different people from his team to achieve that task which support to complete the overall team objective. Whenteam leader indue task (individual objective) to his team member he should chip in him measurement by step training to achieve his goal. On other hand each team member should know the team objective as easily to achieve their goal. Every individual and team objective should be SMART1.3Identify and agree area of individual and team responsibility in achieving objective Every individual and team should to understand his responsibility and try his best to agree with his responsibilities. Successful team can be responsible of different tasks and team objective which support the organizational objective the main responsibility of team is to achieve his team objective. Help each individual to complete his task. Every team should follow the planned the assignment which set by the director of the organization be font every team objective is linked to organizational objective. Team should inform the realise manager of task status and some(prenominal)(prenominal) bother arisen.Every team should select right person having right skill and knowledge to compete the task. Every individual should also try his best to achieve his goal because its important to achieve the team objective as well as organizational objective. Every team member should make real effort to build strong relational ship with each other. Each team member should contact support feed moxie and gaudiness to other team member to achieve goal. Each staff member expresses loyalty and motivates other to work. If team and all individual are fulfil their responsibilities then its easy to achieve the organizational goal.1.4Identify the need to create an e nvironment of consider and support with other Environment of trust and support in team member and organization is very useful to achieving the organizational goal If the entire individual in team has earnest family then they support each other give them feedback and gaudiness as well by this its easy to achieve goal for them. As we know thats individuals objective supports to achieve team as well as organizational objective. So that as public treasury one should build following things to make environment pleasant* Increasing relation between staff member* Decreasing clashes to the neutral* Try to convert neutral to good and leading to worth Advantages of Trusting* Staff member are more free to share idea and work sincerely* Staff member are more willing to help each other and try their best to achieve the goal.* Saving of recourses (physical and financial)* More motivated for working* Sincere with organization-Q2 Be able to judge doing and provide feedback2.1 Evaluate and a ssess individual and team exertion against objectives Assessing process of individual and team performance against objective is very important for overall performance of the organization because its related to the overall performance of the organization. Best team and individual performance is which support the organization performance.Identifying objectiveEasy way to assess the performance is to split the objective in different tasks and give each task to the team and further to the individuals. Assessing performanceBalanced analysis of performance beside designed objectives, taking all applicable factors into account. After doing that one have to check the results of the each task giving to the team and individuals as well. If they achieve than they can build success to achieving the main objective of the organization and if they cannot achieve the sought after performance then organization should think about the problems which prevent them to achieve desirable performance. The n first thing is to take in account is that the team at least understands the objective of the organization because without understanding the objective no one can achieve goal.thither are also m some(prenominal) other factor which can be affect the performance of the individual and the team the likes of No enough support and training, Un grammatical expressionable environment and Financial problems etcetera These are some factor which should be taken in to account to ameliorate the performance to the desirable level. 2.2 Identify themethod to providing feedback to individual and team on performance Feedback can be define as process in which the cause or output of an natural process is returned to modify the next action Feed back is actually comments about something with which you have any type relation. Feed back is of two types positive or negativePositive feedback is good to advance yourself and identify your weakness and you can correct it if you want. Negative feedback is destructive and base on fact and reality which cause of angry and disturbance Usually feedback is taken from website, monthly or yearly review, survey or customer etc. in that respect are many Methods to provide the feedbackSandwich method7 (expect a negative comment after praise).BOOST Method Balanced contain together decent and secure points Observed only give samples of what you have seen the somebody say or do Objective feedback should be truthful and not an spasm on souls character Specific always use exact patterns Timely feedback should be given as near to the occasion as possible. EEC model8 face what performance you have detected Effect on the viewers, on you, on your examination Change what change in performance do you expectFeedback should be taken from serious personalisedityFeedback should be taken after event soonFind someone private for feedbackGive enough time to give feed backTake good care of privacy and honesty while taking feedbackAfter taking feed back its very rude(a) mater to provide the feedback so it should be handle very carefully. The purpose of providing feedback to the team and individual should be basis of maintenance, change performance. While providing feedback to team or the individuals something should be keep in mind Positive points should be first to reduce betrothal.It should be like information sharing.It should be not over unbendable or in detail.During providing feedback it required ability of patient.Language should be expressive of specific behaviours rather than general remarks representing value judgments. All comments should be based upon visible performance and not assumed motives.2.3 Identify the cause of conflict and describe strategies to minimize or prevent conflict personal credit line dictionary define conflict as friction or opposition resulting from actual or perceived differences or incompatibilities.2 Conflict may be positive or negative.There are many cause of conflictPersonal factorLa ck of informationIf any staff member is unconscious about information of any event, reformation or any other happening in the organization cause conflict. Skill deficitsLack of skill and knowledge also cause conflict. constitution and style differencesEverybody in the organization has different style and personality thats also cause of conflict in the organization. Substance abuse and Family problems also cause of conflict in the organization.Organizational factorThere are some organizational factor are also cause of conflict in the organization likeLeadershipIf the leadership is not leading his organization properly than its the big cause of conflict.ManagementLack Managing qualities in organizational managing team cause conflict among its membersBudgetInsufficient budget and improper distribution cause conflict in organization. Poor communication among the leadership, management and the staff member cause of conflict in the organization. Different values of different staff member, personality clashes and poor performance also the cause of conflictin the organization. ascendentSolution of conflict in the organization is hidden in following factorsMinimizing authoritiesBy the minimizing authorities conflicts decrease.Improving policesBy improving polices of organization to change magnitude conflictCommunicationCommunication among staff member is solution of conflict. Due to poor communication they can say nothing to the higher authorities and cause conflict between them. By Providing support to the staff member also reduce conflict. Injustices in rewarding staff member or injustices in any other matter are also cause conflict so that justice in every matter is a solution of conflict as well. If there is conflict between any of the staff member of the organization then one should take following stepsStep 1 substituteWhere conflict exist one should involved his self in the problem and let know about people involved in it.Step 2 Listen and discussBy allowing ev ery person to give their views and opinions you will have the opportunity to hear what each person thinks, and they will have the occur to hear what the others involved think, too.Step 3 Make your position clearYou have to make your position clear which is acceptable by every involved parties or individualStep 4 Negotiate a win/win outcomeOne should make his position neutral in the topographic point and make agree everyone on the same opinion which is acceptable to every oneStep 5 Monitor the built in bedAfter the you have to pitch some formal and informal meeting to proctor situation A formal follow-up meeting attended by all interested parties and informal meetings just to check how things are going.2.4 Explain preserve system for performance assessment for individual or team The accomplishment of a given task measured against presentknown standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed. In a contract, performance is deemed to be the fulfilment of an obligation, in a ma nner that releases the performer from all liabilities under the contract. 5 The maintenance of a history of ones activities, as financial dealings, by entering data in ledgers or journals, putting documents in files4, etc. is known as recording system. Recording system for any organization is very necessary to improve itself and to achieve desirable performance. There should be recording system in organization for performance assessment for every team and individual. There should be link between team and individual previous performance with current performance. By this we can check its progress and taking step against poor performance is easy.Recording system of performance of individuals and team are very important for the maintenance and improving performance. If the recording system of performance is exist in the organization then its easy to compare the performance of any individual and team and can easily obtain their progress report. Other advantage of the performance recordin g system is that all the individual and teams try to improve their performance to keep their record good for good reputation in the organization. So there should be a proper system in the organization for keep record of performance of the team and the individuals. All monthly and the annuals performance reports should keep in record. If some individual or team perform well or make a big mistake should also keep in record for basics of appreciation and maintenance.Q3 Be able to understand performance support for improvement.3.1Explain performance improvement cyclePerformance improvement cycle is a cycle of development. If someone has poor performance then one should has to be pass through the improvement cycle to develop his abilities to show better performance. There are following steps of improvement cycleIdentifyIn this step you have to identify his weakness and condition of his weakness. This is very important step of the improvement cycle because without correct identification diagnose of problem is not possible. After identify problemyou have to identify its reason also.OpportunitiesAfter identify the problem and its reason than you have to look at all the opportunities available to improve its weakness.Agree plan of actionAfter look at all opportunities you have to decided that which one are more opportunities suit you to improve his weakness and then you have to act upon his plan.ReviewAfter that you have monitor to monitor performance. If everything is going as you want and agreed then you will be able to encourage the team member. If the things are not going well then you have to sit again to argue the raise up and find the key.3.2 Discuss the indicator of poor performancePoor performance is define as when member of your team performing less than your hope. There are many reasons behind the poor performance thats why its not an easy job to find out the reason of poor performance. scarce to find out the reason of the poor performance is very importa nt because without indicating any problem cure of problem is difficult. There is some common reason of the poor performance.* Targets and goals are out of reach.* Team member of staff is insincere* Quantity of work* Team members ability is not appropriate* Team member is slow in taking decisions* Team member is not experiences and skilled.* Lack of knowledge* Lack of motivationThese are main factor which are main cause of the poor performance by improve these you can easily improve performance. You can set the stander of performanceBy written job definitionBy clearing Objective of organization and out come to memberCompetence of statementEVALUATING METHODS THAT SUPPORT PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTTo improve the poor performance of the organization is very important toachieve the goal .there are few steps which are use to improve poor performance of the organization.CounselingIf individual staff member is not performing well that you have to look at his life out of work may be he cannot performing well due to some family or personal problems. You should try to solve problem if possible.Training or coachingIf the staff member or not performing well then maybe they need training and coaching to doing that job. After giving them proper training about their job and then monitor them if you got desirable result then they can support to achieve objective of organization.Performance improvement planPerformance improvement plan is a written formal plan to improve the poor performance. There are following steps in it* Identify the problem and its reason* Opportunities* Agree plan of action* ReviewBy this plan one can easily improve his self.DisciplinaryThat is last step to improving poor performance. Some time employees improve their self when they get last warring. After that if one never improves his self than one dismiss from job. -Q4 BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND ORGANIZATIONS corrective AND GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE. 4.1Discus the organizations disciplinary and iniquity procedures Every organization has its own rule and regulation but some of the rules linked with the citizen rights and pitying rights. Especially in United Kingdom any organization cannot dismiss any employee for job without any reason or sold inference so that if any organization does this then the organization has to declaration in court. To dismiss any employee the following thing should take in to account * You have to give approx. three warnings1. Informal warning2. Formal warning3. Written last warning* The contract with employee and organization should expired * Organization should have sold proof of his poor performance After that you can dismiss any employee without this if you dismiss any employee due to some personal or family problem than you have to answer in court and may be you have to pay plenty. scotch allows the individual to compliant to their management. Due to the grievance individual never do unadvised action. Due to this the communication between the employee and m anagement increase and reduce conflict between them as well. Due to complain of employee you can identify many problems to improving performance.Role of manager in disciplinary and grievance procedureRole of manger in the disciplinary procedure a manger should have good relationship between employees. So that he can reach to the real situation of the problem. He should know about that problem seriousness. If problem is serious. Than in this case employee has to dismiss. Thats dark point of management. Following thing a manger should take in to account?The problem should genuineThere should not personal problem or family problemThere should be witnessThere should be documentary proofAfter this a manger can dismissing the employeeGrievance is problems or complains that employee lift up against their employers. The role of manager in this situation is very important. He should arrange meeting with the employer and employees. Responsibility of the manager is in this situation is to list en all complains and problem very carefully and attentively with non-judgment condition. So that employees can speak freely. If some think is not clear then manger should ask it again. Manger should understand all complains and his understanding should be same as employer. In this entire situation the manger should be fair.4.3 Summaries the key flavour of legislation that applies to anorganizations disciplinary and grievance procedure The act or process of making laws enactment is known as legislation5 All the employees should be aware of the organizational disciplinary and grievance procedure. When the employee entre to organization. He/she should know about disciplinary and grievance procedure. If organization wants change in procedure they should call meeting. reveal survey of the disciplinary and grievance procedure is below Disciplinary* Keys to handling disciplinary issues in the workplace* Establish the facts of each case* Inform the employee of the problem* Hold a meeting with the employee to discuss the problem* Allow the employee to be accompanied at the meeting* Decide on appropriate action* impart employees with an opportunity to appeal* Special casesGrievanceThere is an Acas (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service) Code of Practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures . It sets out principles that you and your employer should follow to achieve a reasonable standard of behaviour in handling grievances.9 * Let the employer know the nature of the grievance* Hold a meeting with the employee to discuss the grievance* Allow the employee to be accompanied at the meeting* Decide on appropriate action* Allow the employee to take the grievance further if not mulish* Overlapping grievance and disciplinary case* Collective grievancesLegislation is define as a law or set of laws suggested by a regimen and made official 4 Key aspect of legislation of organizations disciplinary and grievance procedures are above mention if theses key aspect use to solve the disciplinary and grievance scenario in the organization then its good for both employer and employee and they will not be not face and legislation act. But if employee or employer not follows the proper way as describe tosolve grievance and disciplinary then they have to face the court.1. Business dictionary.www.bussinessdictionary.com (accessed see to it 02/01/2012) 2. BusinessdictionaryAvailablehttp//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/conflict.html (accessed date 04/01/2012) 3. CambridgedictionaryAvailabledictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/legislation (Accessed date 08/01/2012 ) 4. DictionaryreferenceAvailabledictionary.reference.com/browse/recordkeeping( Accessed date 09/12/2011 ) 5. Dictionary referenceDictionary.reference.com (Accessed date 07/01/2012) 6. Business dictionary www.bussinessdictionary.com Accessed date 06/01/2012 7. LondonDeaneryAvailablewww.faculty.londondeanery.ac.uk (Accessed date 08/02/2012) . 9. DirectGov.Availablehttp//www.direct.g ov.uk/en/Employment/ResolvingWorkplaceDisputes/Grievanceprocedures/DG_10027992 (accessed date 01/01/2012)

Why is Atticus defending Tom Robinson?

I, Atticus Finch, fuck dispatch decided to defend tomcat Robinson against the beliefs of washcloth southern culture. I realize in doing so that I am jumping out of the lines in which the color community has drawn so easily. They have put themselves in these lines to separate themselves from colored mint in a way that makes them at a higher standard.I am defending turkey cock Robinson because I believe him to be an innocent man, he has the powerful to a fairish trial even if he is colored, and he deserves justice. In taking this case, umpteen people have changed their perspectives of me just because I am defending a colored man. Tom Robinson is a noble field hand. He has no footing for harm towards Mayella.I truly believe that his innocence is real. He is kind and helpful, even brave enough to continuously help Mayella on his walks home from work. Tom was not carrying out favors for Mayella for money, just now just out of the kindness he possesses. Yet, this town sees Tom as a rapist because of his skin color.If this man was white, you would be competent to understand and actually hear what I am saying about an innocent man. You cannot get passed his appearance to see his heart. I am able to see pass his color and find his person underneath his skin. I am choosing to step out of the lines because Tom Robinson did not rape Mayella Ewell.Tom Robinson has the objurgate to have someone defend him who believes in him. I took this case because I want to defend him to my best ability. Every man has the right to a fair trial. No matter race or color. Bob Ewell can judge me for siding with a colored person. But I fight for justice, not for a so called superior race. This man should be innocent until proven guilty, not guilty until proven innocent. People put these perceptions that whites are superior to colored people just because there white.That is not a way people should view other people. Tom deserves a fair trial. Mayella tells this lie in court, why? She feels that because he is colored she will be able to blame him. Although Tom Robinson is colored he has the right to justice as much as a white man. He shouldnt be blamed for an act that he didnt commit because of the color of his skin.I want justice for this man. Notice how he is just a man. He isnt defined as a colored man in my eyes as he is to the white community. Tom Robinson is a man who is innocent and justice deserves to be given to this man, this human being. Many townspeople may not understand why I stand by a colored man, alone I stand for justice even if that means stepping outside the lines that this white community has drawn around themselves.White people need to step off the pedestal that they have given to themselves and realize everyone deserves justice. Although people may not understand why I defend Tom Robinson, I choose to do because he deserves justice. No matter his skin color, he is a man who is innocent. I may have broken rules in the eyes of the white community, but I stand for justice and Tom is innocent. My actions are my own and I dont let racism waiver my beliefs. Colored or white, justice is a right to all.

Land Use Changes

1. 0 INTRODUCTION 2. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The trend in seat development is not how forever unconnected with the increased cognizance in making the highest and best use of sphere resources among competing uses. According to Balowe (1978) the term pour down often mean different things depending upon the content in which it is used and the spate under which it is considered.Land takes a fundamental significance as a commodity in daily use for multi-various purpose everywhere the years it has decided and continues to influence the daily lives of Nigerians as expressed in social, economic and political organization of various communities in Nigeria. However, the property market is an economic mechanism rationing drop between competing and occasionally conflicting uses. The mechanism is often modified by State and local political sympathies policies deep down the context of town planning, social ineluctably and the distribution of in obtain and wealth.As a means of allocati ng land between different uses, the market has been criticized to be inefficient because it fails to quickly fulfil up with the urban land uses particularly in the under-highly-developed world. In an increasing cosmopolitan city the likes of Lagos, the state Town Planning and the New Town Development Authority faces an uphill task of responding to the need for a total re-zoning of some residential layout like Lekki phase 1 with a view of increasing the values of private and remunerative land uses.The greater the accessibility of a location, the lower the economic cost of movement in terms of distance, time and convenience the greater the comparative improvement and the greater the demand for property in the location. The increasing demand and the decreasing supply of commercial message properties atomic sum 18 exerting some expected pressure on residential properties in Lagos.Furthermore, the nearness to transport facilities like bus stations, water /sea focusings, motor vog ues, good road network services, facilities much(prenominal) as commercial banks, merchant bank, acquaintance to argonas like Victoria Island, Oniru, Ikoyi, Lekki- Epe Expressway and areas on Lagos island where majority of the business activities takes place in Lagos and also its proximity to High income housing has made this area of study(Admiralty way Lekki phase1) more attracting, accessible and thus more profitable for citing of commercial enterprises.This pattern of accessibility is gradually modifying the pattern of Land-use, which is concomitant with the pattern of land values in Lekki. Thus users are able to put the site to its more or less productive use, would be prepared to pay the highest price or rent to acquire the developed property. The change of residential into commercial land use along the major roads of roughly government residential layouts in Lagos state has become so inevitable that people are no longer patient enough to wait for the approval of the Plann ing Authority.With or without approval or rezoning, offices, schools, churches, eateries, retail outlet, military issue centers etc are spring up in the study area in response to the need for them. The effect of such changes on the property values, its viability and the societal rival of this phenomenon on the area of study (Admiralty Way Lekki Phase1) are the back ground upon which this dissertation is based. 2. 2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Land resources tends to move to users who bid for the most for their control and to those uses that offers the highest return for their utilization.The value of a residential property will most likely increase when it is partly or wholly changed to commercial use. Those issues that come to mind are as follows 1. What factors are responsible for the change in use from residential to commercial use in the study area? 2. What are the societal vices in the neighourhood? 3. What are the professional imputes from the Lagos State Town Planning Authority an d the New Town Planning Authority that are in entrust of Lekki axis? 4.What will be the effect of this change in use on the values of properties in the study area? 5. What is the profitability of such changes and should it be encourage or not? This dissertation attempts to provide answers to the above questions with a view to attract the above reactions of the New Town Development Authority, Property Developers, solid ground Surveyors, Land Owners and Tenant towards a better understanding of the dynamics of land use and value in a fast exploitation city like Lagos. 2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY As stated earlier, the purpose of this study is to proffer solution to the problem outlined in section 1. 2 above and in doing so I shall critically examine the genesis and impact of change in use in property values in low parsimoniousness layout (Admiralty Way Lekki Phase1). I shall examine how transfer of land to its most profitable use is often frustrated by factors such as a) The imperfect experience of buyers and sellers of the use to which the given property can be put. ) The importance of adequate zoning area for commercial activities within government estate c) The time- absorbing and dear(p) process of seeking and acquiring new locations. d) The cost and legal complexity of acquiring properties e) The monopoly power of Town Planning and New Town Development Authorities. In conclusion, I shall establish if the ever increasing incidence of change in use should be encouraged by government. 2. 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe topic of this study is expected to create awareness for Lagos state Government through New Town Development Authorities and attract positive reactions from the Lagos State Government Property Development Commission, earth surveyors, Landlords etc in the beneficial utilization of the dynamic of land use and land values in the fast maturation city of Lagos , whilst the authority prepare itself for the task of development control, the property possessors and occupiers will also plan strategies of reaping the benefit or otherwise of the phenomenon of change- in use. 2. SCOPE AND terminus ad quem OF STUDY There are numerous residential properties within the Phase1 of Lekki peninsular whose use have been changed from residential to commercial uses but due to time and terminal point of words allowed for this thesis, this write up will focus on the effect of change in land use in the value of Government Estate on Admiralty Way Lekki Phase1 Lagos. 2. 6 THE STUDY AREA Admiralty way Lekki phase 1 is one of the Lagos State Government Residential Scheme under Eti-Osa local Government, is an exclusively reserved low density residential area in Lagos.This Layout is accessible in very meaning of the word and enjoys elemental infrastructure such as good roads, water, electricity, telephone etc. It is accessible vide Lekki- Epe Express waywith well laid out internal roads and flower hedges in simple set- backs. It has a plain topo graphy with good drainage and the set-backs in most properties are adorned with beautiful flowers. Most courtyards in the layout are paved. The posh buildings are of fantastic architectural design and inviting scenery ion this layout maintains an appreciable degree of quietness.Most buildings are owner occupiers belonging to Elder State Men, Top Civil Servants and successful businessmen and Women. The average size of a plot of land in this Layout is 800 square metres. 2. 7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The main instrument of data collection for this enquiry was through primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of data involve a field survey of the study area. It includes direct observation by the researcher and unwritten interviews with property owners and occupants.The secondary source includes facts, which were obtained from previous documented sources such as text books, journals, seminar papers and unpublished dissertations. This helps to establish the theoretical foundation o f this study. CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITEATURE 3. 8 THE CONCEPT OF CHANGE-IN USE According to Balowe (1965) property development is not a one-for all time affairs, but a dogging one. This means that property development is dynamic. It calls for adjustment to changing demand and changing technology toward satisfying the needs of a particular segment of users.Lee (1974) argues that changes occurring over time in the use of a neighbourhood, that aging of the residents and the growth and maturity of their children will eventually cause a turnover in the ownership of housing. metalworker and Mccann (1981) argues that residential land uses succession theory is permeated by the Life Cycle ideals of social ecology but the leading succession models offer conflicting interpretations of the period of change that residential areas are believed to pass through. They stress that models have not been substituted by analysis of the complete land use histories of all site in areas of c hange.Therefore, in their study of Edmonton, from 1961 to 1971, the study shows that life cycle concept has little value as an explanation of residential change in rapidly growing city like Lagos. A study by global environmental changes (2010) supports the conclusion that neither population nor poverty alone constituted the sole and major underlying causes of land use change worldwide. Rather, peoples responses to economic opportunities and constraints for new land uses are created by local as well as national markets and policies. Therefore, global forces become the main determents of land-use changes as they amplify local factors.However, Ball et all (1998) argues that when land value rise land owners release land for commercial development and also shows the land owners rationality. 3. 9 THE MEANING OF PROPERTY VALUES The word Value does not have a specific and limit meaning as it may mean different thing to different people. In the words of justice Brandies (1923) Value is a wo rd of m whatever meanings. The empurpled Institution of Charted Surveyor (RICS) also define value in the following terms the best price of which an interest in property might reasonably be expected to be sold by private treaty at the date of valuation assuming a) A willing seller ) A fair period in which to negotiate the sale, taking into account the nature of the property and the state of the market. c) Values will remain static throughout the period d) The property will be freely exposed to the market e) No account is to be of an additional bid by a special purchaser As a result of Nigerias Colonial affiliation with Great Britain the above definition by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors is adopted by the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV) 3. 0 THE CONCEPT OF RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL USES Residential land use has been the oldest and fundamental among all land uses because shelter is one of the basic needs of man. Hornby (1980) defined reside ntial use as serving or used as residence in which one resides. Residential use are therefore located in an area zoned mainly for living accommodation with some localized commercial centers to sell good and render services involve by the populace that reside in that area.Whist commercial use is a use involving the buying and selling of goods and services and for which profit is realized. It encompasses office, shops and is a dominant urban feature, which tends to be located at areas of greater accessibility from the city center. Lagos State has been a fast growing developing city like any other major city in Nigeria experience stiff competitions in land uses, particularly the demand of commercial users in fast encroaching and outstripping the useful demand for residential use thus creating imbalance for zoned residential neighourhood. . 11 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONVERSION OF RESIDENTIAL USES TO COMMERCIAL USES IN THE STUDY AREA operable observation as found in different cities in Nigeria indicates the economic factors, social factors, physical factors and high competitiveness in land utilization within the commercial nerve centres which results to uncompetitive users seeking for space within the zone of transition are contributors to the change in use of land use patterns. some other notable factors include 3. 2. 1 POPULATION INCREASE Lagos State is one of the fast growing city in Nigeria with the location of International Airport and harbour which attracts people from various part of the country and worldwide and directly increases the total population of the people living in the city and thus the total number of people living in Lekki peninsular phase 1 which is one of the medium housing Estate by Lagos State government which was meant to provide adapted accommodation for people.However, due to solar day to day increases in population and the paucity of sufficient accommodation to house them in commercial, industrial, education institution etc and in revision to settle down and seek their living, property owners are fast converting most residential units in Lekki phase 1(Admiralty way) into commercial units. A drive down the way shows a drastic change from the usual resident units along the road to huge commercial outlet. 3. 12. 2 INSURFICIENT COMMERCIAL CENTRES An overtime observation shows that availability of commercial center along this way and axis around same was not enough to cater for the needs of the residence.In view of this, commercial centres were developed to meet the daily need of the residents but at a point due to development policies, high cost of development, non- availability of land area and land owner rationality, residential property owners tends to give room for conversion of their developed residential property to commercial property. 3. 12. 3 ECONOMIC GAIN Since commercializing properties yield more returns than residential use and due to property owners rationality, they prefer the commercial users by giving face lift to the fabrics of their building through extension, refurbishments, alterations, modifications. tc. These improvements attract commercial users to take avail of the new structures by paying the newly negotiated rents to occupy them. The rents are luring, so other property owners follow suit and conversion become the order of the day on Admiralty way Lekki Phase1. 3. 12. 4 LOCATION Admiralty way Lekki Phase 1 is an easily accessible way in Lekki Peninsular and to other islands were most major commercial activities takes place in Lagos State and due to this, commercial centres tends to expand their activities to the study area in order to move closer to their consumers and workers who resides in this axis.This made property owners to convert their residential properties for commercial uses since the location is well accessed to various routes of movement within the axis. 3. 12. 5 HIGH COST OF CONSTURCTING COMMERCIAL construct Construction of purpose built commerc ial building usual cost a lot of money due to the high cost of building materials and ever increasing Land value. Going by the concept of highest and best use of property, property owners in the study area now prefer to convert their residential property to commercial properties or lease it out.

Ruth case

In order to make the first cut in the list of potential countries, Hannah looked at the penetration strategy, market training, diversification and product development as a strategy for entering a new market. The unused variable that would be helpful would be the political stability, competition and the regulations that might qualify the business growth. For research purposes the following were taken in consideration Population, legal to import USA beef, affinity for American brands, consumer dining bits and amount of beef-eaters in that country.The express number 4 was used to narrow the 200 countries to 33. My top 5 choices are different from Hennas. My choices are Germany, United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain and Bahamas. The main reason for this choice is because Germany is the study largest economy in Europe and has a really high standard of living, which increase the changes of success in this country. United Kingdom has very small political risk and their way of eating is simi lar to this country. United Kingdom also has affinity to American products. Singapore is growing very quick.Their standard of living Is very high and Is one of the most expensive Asian countries to live In. Spain GAP per capita Is the 8th largest in the world. Spain also has a very large population (over 40 million). Their beef eating habits are similar to US. The last one would be Bahamas because even thought Is small, its a very tourist place. Its full of visitors all year long, increasing the chances of success for restaurants. Bahamas Is second to US In beef consumption. These five countries are meat eaters according to the US Census Bureau of 2012.

Elizabeth, the Monster and Patriarchy Essay

In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, some blatant parallels are made between Dr. Frankensteins adopted sister, Elizabeth, and the hulk he created. two of these innocent creatures, together represent all of mankind in their similarities and differences, Elizabeth being the picture of womanhood and goodness, the hulk representing manhood and evil. Both Elizabeth and the monster belong to and anatomical structure their lives in terms of Dr. Frankenstein, leading to overall destruction and, ultimately demonstrating the dangerous properties of patriarchy, which Dr. Frankenstein embodies.Dr. Frankenstein begins his narrative, most logically, in telling the story of his childhood.Dr. Victor Frankensteins mformer(a) was a loving, benevolent woman, moved by the plight of the impoverished and forever doing all in her personnel to give charity to those in need. It was thus that she came across a poor Italian family with a flock of dirty children, one of them sas welld out, she was blond and fair and especially angelic. Victors m some other decided that it was her duty to stick out this blond girl as her own, or, rather, as Victors own. This girl was Elizabeth who is, in a way, given to Victor as a gift, and thus begins his violent relationship with place and instaurationOn the evening previous to Elizabeth being brought to my home, my mother had saidplayfully, I have a pretty present for my Victor-tomorrow he shall have it. And when,on the morrow, she presented Elizabeth to me as her promised gift, I, with childishseriousness, interpreted her formulates literally and looked upon Elizabeth as mine-mine toprotect, love, and cherish. (56)On her goalbed, Victors mother expresses her desire for the ultimate man and wife of Victor and Elizabeth. The fate of Elizabeth is thus utterly dependent upon Victors, and Victors relationship with his fellow humans is forever grossly twisted referable to his near ownership of Elizabeth. The arrangement of their odd marriage is never questioned by either one of them, and neither are ever able to repair their relationships with other people/beings, their experiences being so inhuman.In his college years, Victor develops a desire, and acquires the necessary knowledge, to actually create demeanor. After just a couple of extremely robust years at the University, Dr. Frankenstein discoveries an amazing thing, he states in his narration After days and nights of incredible labor and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter. (51) But it was not enough for Dr. Frankenstein merely to know how to give life, he had to do it himself. His goal was far from modest, he planned to create not a frog or a fruit fly, solely a man.Dr. Frankenstein was excited by the power of his act, he likened himself to god, A new species would bless me as its creator and source umteen happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. (52) Victors egotism and corollary want for power frame him in the classic definition of the Patriarch. He believes that whatever he creates will love and cherish his being for the mere fact of his being its creator, his word is the final word and the right wordThe being that Dr. Frankenstein creates is the monster of the novel, this monster is at once an independent being, and a possession. It is the beautiful being that Dr. Frankenstein longed would look up to its supreme creator with servile gratitude. Dr. Frankenstein did not fully understand how horrific was his deed, until it had been done, regarding his first glimpse at the now living creature, Frankenstein remarked, How can I guide my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to form?In themonsters first molybdenum of consciousness, he stretched out his arm towards his creator, a sign of ultimate compassion and the gratitude for which Dr. Frankenst ein had longed. Dr. Frankenstein responds by turning his back and running. Dr. Frankenstein embodies the irresponsible leader, the unfeeling man, the Patriarch with grand intentions tho no means of the necessary compassion.During the time in which Dr. Frankenstein is away from home, studying in the University, he receives a multitude of letters from the longing Elizabeth, and replies to none. Elizabeth remains at home in Switzerland, fulfilling her womanly duties to the Frankenstein family, her only hope for future happiness lies in her marriage with Victor, for she is nothing without him. The power that Dr. Frankenstein holds over Elizabeth has striking similarities to the dynamic of power he described as desiring over his creations. The pattern of neglect that Frankenstein demonstrates first with Elizabeth, then with the monster does not seem to phase their unconditional, and unreasonable, love for him.Dr. Frankenstein does not speculate of Elizabeth as an equal, for she is a wo man, and he does not think of the monster as even a man, for he created him. Within a Patriarchy, the government feels justified in its neglectful actions for it feels itself better than the women and low lifes over which it rules. Just as a population allows their government to proceed with its cruel deeds without question, so do Elizabeth and the monster initially turn a blind eye to the evil acts of Dr. Frankenstein.Elizabeth and the monster are not only similar in their actions relative to Dr. Frankenstein, but both seem to occupy quite the opposite end of the spectrum of humanity. Elizabeth is submissive and self-sacrificing. She is blond and fair-skinned and described as angelic. Elizabeth encompasses womanhood and goodness at once. The monster, on the other hand, ends up dedicating his life to the destruction of Dr. Frankensteins livelihood. The monster is ugly, the mere sight of him puts people into shock. The monster is a self described fallen angel and he even likens himse lf to Adam, the first man. Thus the monster encompasses evil and manhood at once. Elizabeth and the monster together represent all of man, the oppressed, the poor, theugly and the helpless victims of a arrangement built to benefit a select few. While Dr. Frankenstein represents the ruling class, Elizabeth and the monster together represent the under-privileged ruled class. struggle is a classically male act. War is the tool and the game of the Patriarchy and the innocent civilians are its pawns. When Dr. Frankenstein oversteps the limits of human power, he takes control over things for which man should not be responsible, he states Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through. In commencing a war, the Patriarch puts himself in charge of the lives and deaths of many men, an extremely paranormal act. When Dr. Frankenstein meddles with the natural limits of life and death, he is creating the chaos of war in his own life. The death and destruction whi ch results from Dr. Frankensteins creation, the death of his younger brother William, Justine and Elizabeth, are merely examples of the multitude of unnecessary deaths caused by the Patriarchal wars.Just as many wars could have been prevented through simple negotiations, had it not been for the arrogance of one man with too much power, so too could have the destruction in Frankenstein have been prevented had Dr. Frankenstein merely conceded with the monsters simple request, with which he ended his own narrative My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create.(137). Had Dr. Frankenstein for once done something for someone other than himself, in this case, create a female companion for the monster, many lives could have been saved.Shelley was cl earliest making the statement that the absence of womanly compassion in government is what leads to unnecessary destruction in war. In creating a man, Dr. Frankenstein takes on, unnaturally, a wo mans role, it is thus that he can neglect Elizabeth, deeming her unnecessary. This is the biggest mistake at all. Just as Elizabeth, or any woman, was left out of the creation of this man, so has woman been neglected from the makings of governments and societal structures in Patriarchies everywhere. Elizabeth and the monster represent a balance that Dr. Frankenstein lacks, because he rejects everything feminine and human, he must bear the consequences.At the time this book was written, many technological advances were being made, discoveries in science were flourishing and scientists themselves weregaining the highest forms of respect. Unfortunately, due to the style of government and power structures at the time, these incredible advances benefited everyone but women and the poor. Infant mortality was still very high and other health issues related to women were being utterly ignored by the scientific community, which seemed to have no place for femininity. Shelley displays this di screpancy in the novel first with the many deaths of mothers, Elizabeths mother, Dr. Frankensteins mother, Clervals mother and Justines mother all died relatively early on in the novel. While Dr. Frankenstein could create life, no one could seem to save a mother in childbirth or make food for a starving family. To emphasize the lack of female influence in science, Dr. Frankenstein completes the most womanly act there is, creation of life, without a woman.Dr. Frankensteins unnatural power over Elizabeth and the monster eventually lead to the destruction of them all. It is not long forward the roles are reversed between the Doctor and the monster. While the monster is initially enslaved to the doctor, by the end of the novel the doctor believes himself to be the slave of the monster. It is Dr. Frankensteins arrogant, patriarchal ego that gets his true love killed, his power destroys his life. Dr. Frankensteins release from all that is feminine and human led to chaos for all. Becaus e Dr. Frankenstein dedicates his life to vengeance against the monster for the murder of Elizabeth, he becomes the slave of both the monster and Elizabeth the tables turned. In the work moments of Dr. Frankensteins life, he criesScoffing devil Again do I vow vengeance again do I devote thee, miserable fiend, to twisting and death. Never will I give up my search until he or I perish and then with what ecstasy shall I join my Elizabeth and my departed friends, who even now prepare me forthe reward of my tedious toil and terrible pilgrimage. (195)Just as conditions must sometimes reach their lowest point before the peoplebreak into revolution, and their rulers never renounce their sins in life, so did the worst type of destruction have to occur before Dr. Frankenstein realized what his role must be.Mary Shelley lived in a time when a woman novelist was believed to be putting her name on her husbands work, the advancement of technology ran beyond human interests and only the rich rece ived some sort of security against sudden death and rampant disease. Shelley saw the chaos and destruction that resulted from unequal mission in a power-hungry, Patriarchal government. Elizabeth and the monster embody the missing aspects of this un-representative ruling class compassion and humanity, it is the absence of these things that Shelley displays the horrific result of in her novel. Frankenstein is more than a ghost story, it is a social narrative and a political manifesto.

Ernest Hemingway

If Ernest Hemingway sole legacy were his theory of omission and nonhing more or nothing else, he s coin bank arguably would be the singe closely influential writer of his generation and all the great writers who followed. It is a rarity to drive any writer worth his salt who has not been influenced the theory that the writer could and may be should take the liberty of omitting some things in his narrative as long as he was confident of them and the reader would feel them as strongly as though the reader had narrated them.though Hemingway often countered the existence of and the signifi thronece of The bemused generation( a term he even had ridiculed as splendid bombast on the part of Gertrude Stein, to whom goes the credit of coining the term), yet he has been inseparably linked with it and considered by many as the leader of the movement. The Lost Generation, so vividly brought to the fore of the readers knowledge in The Sun in any case Rises describes the generation which fac e up the World War I and discovered that the right deeds did not always beget good results.No longer able to rely on their tralatitious beliefs that gave a completeness and meaning to life, a whole generation became morally, and psychologically lost. Their whole life is a meaning less wandering almost like an adrift(p) journey they stagger through, hiding their un-understood anguish in alcohol and false boisterous ness of Jazz( as depicted by Scott Fitzerald). Zelda and Scott Fitzerald seem to be the characters on which the caricatures of Cohn and his domineering girlfriend are depicted in TheSAR, throught the eyes of Jake.The themes, which are dealt with in the unique Hemingway style in The Sun alike Rises are The aimless ness of the lost Generation, Male Insecurity, The Destructive ness of sex. Though the underlying sympathy towards his times is evident the themes that are dealt with in A Farewell to ordnance are The Grim reality of War, The seemingly cause and effect relatio nship between Love and Pain, and Illusions and Fantasies. To make the comparison and the contrast clearer it is better to look at the two works one at a time.In A farewell to Arms, as the title is indicative the novel deals with the process by which the Protagonist Frederic atomic number 1 removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The novel contains unparalleled descriptions of the brutality and meaningless ness of war without the romanticism associated with the regular genre of War novels. The scenes dealing with the retreat of the Italian Army, where along with the waiver of columns of soldiers, there is a general loss of moral judgment and nerves.The moral ambiguity of heat content shooting the engineer for refusing to help free the car is a symbol of the inexplicable escalation of violence (more in the mind, where it originates) and the disorder of the war. The game of Love that Henry and Catherine begin as a distraction from their respective agonys and troubles, Henry t o detach himself from the troubling reality of a meaningless war and Catherine to put the loss of her Fiance behind her are symbolic of the emotional bankruptcy that is the results of churning times. Soon their Love turns from a distraction to the very core of their being.Henrys understanding of the strength of his love for Catherine helps him over reach the empty ideals of honor in a war that never belonged to him. This enables him to flee the war and seek her out and they plan an idyllic life that is meant to be a salve for both their dissipated life. However, the tragedy of the novel rests in the fact that in a world plagued by problems that are mostly unexplained and incomprehensible, even true love can only be temporary. The most convincing expression of tragedy get bys when Henry says If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to eradicate them to break them, so of course it kills them.The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places In the Sun also Rises, the entire overwhelming aimless ness of a whole generation who never seem to take their lives, emotions, love or goals, as anything important is the all-pervading theme. Though Hemingway never explicitly mentions the aimless ness, it is for all to sense in the way each of the character tries to fill hi/her days with drink, dancing and debauchery as though they were the very essence on which their existence hinged.The novel also deals in symbols and through technique, the confusion over the entire idea of Masculinity. The ambiguity brought round by the World War where against the common perceptions of men, soldiers were required to huddle in trenches and pray more for luck than anything else was totally against the masculinity the world had understood till then. In making clear through subtle conversations that Jake is rendered impotent by the war, Hemingway also goes ahead and picturizes the other characters be it the womanizing Cohen, Drunkard Mike o r cadence in ways that do not convey the masculinity associated with them.I cant stand it to think my life is going so devalued and Im not really living it. Says Cohen in a sudden moment of clarity, which pretty much seems to sum up his entire generation. The motifs in The Farewell to arms are Masculinity, Games and divertissement in relations and loyalty versus abandonment. Where as in The Sun also Rises, he deals primarily with lack of communication (no principal(a) character, unless either drunk or in an extremely painful situation ever conducts a communicating conversation, preferring to brood and languish in the non-comprehension.), Excessive drinking and False Friendships. Rain is a powerful symbol for pain and loneliness and helplessness in The Farewell to arms where as in The Sun also Rises it is the Bullfighting that is a poignant symbol of masculinity, the romanticism inextricably attached to cruelty. It is pertinent to note that the Personal life of Ernest Hemingway s eeps through most of his novels, his beliefs, his confusions in life, his pain and suffering and his compromises or the lack of them.One can see and speculate on the Hunter, the fond Fisherman, soldier and reporter and the writers who populate his novels as depictions of the various stages of Hemingways life. at that place is rarely another write in American Literature who can justifiably lay claim to have seen, touched and felt about most circumstances that he is writing about (or in Hemingways case indicating but omitting). Hemingway lived the life of several of his protagonists and many who read his biography rarely come up with a question as to why he had to commit suicide.A person who lived life mostly on his won terms and felt so deeply for human suffering in times of turbulence, and clung on to a value system he wanted to survive in spite of the vagaries of the war, could not have possibly let fate decide his end. From Three stories & ten poems to The Old man and the sea thr ough the path breaking For whom the bell tolls or the two other works discussed in these pages, Hemingway has enriched this period of American literature with his writings. Books referred to but not quoted Ernest Hemingway A reconsideration by Philip Young Penn state fix 1966

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 98-99

CHAPTER 98Langdon and Sophie moved slowly down the north aisle, incriminate to the shadows idler the ample pillars that separated it from the open nave. nonwithstanding having traveled more than half focus down the nave, they still had no clear view of Newtons tomb. The sarcophagus was recessed in a niche, obscured from this oblique angle.At least theres no torso over there, Sophie whispered.Langdon nodded, relieved. The correct section of the nave near Newtons tomb was deserted. Ill go over, he whispered. You should stay hidden unspoilt in case soulfulness Sophie had already stepped from the shadows and was headed crossways the open trading floor. is watching, Langdon sighed, hurrying to join her. Crossing the massive nave on a diagonal, Langdon and Sophie remained silent as the boom sepulchre revealed itself in tantalizing incre manpowerts a sullen-marble sarcophagus a reclining statue of Newton two winged boys a considerable pyramid and an immense orb.Did you s tun along ab start that? Sophie said, sounding startled. Langdon shook his head, also surprised. Those look akin cons put forwardations form on it, Sophie said.As they approached the niche, Langdon matte up a slow sinking sensition. Newtons tomb was coveredwith orbs stars, comets, planets. You seek the orb that ought be on his tomb? It could turn forth to be like trying to stimulate a abstracted blade of grass on a golf course.Astronomical bodies, Sophie said, looking c at a timerned. And a lot of them.Langdon frowned. The unless link between the planets and the grail that Langdon could imagine was the pentacle of genus Venus, and he had already tried the password Venus en route to the Temple church.Sophie moved directly to the sarcophagus, b arely Langdon hung back a few feet, keeping an eye on the abbey around them.Divinity,Sophie said, tilting her head and reading the titles of the books on which Newton was leaning. Chronology.Opticks.Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Ma thematica? She turned tohim. Ring both bells?Langdon stepped closer, considering it. Principia Mathematica, as I remember, has something to do with the gravitation pull of planets which admittedly are orbs, but it seems a petty(a) far-fetched.How about the signs of the zodiac? Sophie asked, pointing to the cons speciateations on the orb. You were public lecture about Pisces and Aquarius earlier, werent you?The expiry of Days, Langdon thought. The closing of Pisces and the beginning of Aquarius was allegedly the historical score at which the Priory planned to release the Sangreal documents to the creation. But the millennium came and went without incident, leaving historians uncertain when thetruth was coming.It seems possible, Sophie said, that the Priorys plans to reveal the truth might be related to the hairgrip line of the poem.It speaks of Rosy flesh and seeded uterus.Langdon felt a tickle pink of potential. He had not considered the line that way before.You told me e arlier, she said, that the timing of the Priorys plans to unveil the truth about the Rose and her fertile womb was linked directly to the position of planets orbs.Langdon nodded, feeling the first faint wisps of possibility materializing. plane so, his intuition told him astronomy was not the key. The Grand Masters previous solutions had all possessed an eloquent, symbolic significance the Mona Lisa, Madonna of the Rocks, SOFIA. This eloquence was emphatically lacking in the c at oncept of planetary orbs and the zodiac. Thus far, Jacques Sauniere had proven himself a meticulous code writer, and Langdon had to turn over that his final password those five letters that unlocked the Priorys ultimate secret would prove to be not further symbolically fitting but also crystal clear. If this solution were anything like the others, it would be distressingly obvious once it dawned.Look Sophie gasped, jarring his thoughts as she grabbed his arm. From the fear in her touch Langdon sens ed some iodine moldiness be approaching, but when he turned to her, she was staring aghast at the top of the black marble sarcophagus. Some whizz was here, she whispered, pointing to a spot on the sarcophagus near Newtons outstretched safe foot.Langdon did not record her concern. A careless tourist had left(a) a charcoal, grave-rubbing pencil on the sarcophagus lid near Newtons foot. Its nothing.Langdon reached out to pick it up, but as he leaned toward the sarcophagus, the light shifted on the polished black-marble slab, andLangdon froze. Suddenly, he saw wherefore Sophie was afraid.Scrawled on the sarcophagus lid, at Newtons feet, shimmered a barely visible charcoal-pencil messageI wealthy person Teabing. Go through and through Chapter fireside, out confederation exit, to unexclusive garden.Langdon read the words twice, his heart pounding wildly. Sophie turned and scanned the nave. Despite the drape of trepidation that settled over him upon seeing the words, Langdon told himself this was good news. Leigh is still alive. in that respect was another implication here as well. They dont k without delay the password either, he whispered.Sophie nodded. Otherwise wherefore make their presence go to sleepn? They may want to hand Leigh for the password. Or its a trap.Langdon shook his head. I dont think so. The garden is away(p) the abbey walls. A very public place. Langdon had once visited the abbeys famous College t cobblers last a small fruit orchard and herb garden left over from the eld when monks grew natural pharmacological remedies here. Boasting the oldest living fruit trees in Great Britain, College Garden was a popular spot for tourists to visit without having to enter the abbey. I think sending us outside is a show of faith. So we feel safe.Sophie looked dubious. You mean outside, where there are no metal detectors? Langdon scowled. She had a point. Gazing back at the orb-filled tomb, Langdon wished he had some idea about the cryptex pas sword something with which to negotiate. I got Leigh involved in this, and Ill do whatever it takes if there is a chance to help him.The note says to go through the Chapter House to the south exit, Sophie said. Maybe from the exit we would gull a view of the garden? That way we could assess the stance before we walked out there and exposed ourselves to any danger?The idea was a good one. Langdon vaguely recalled the Chapter House as a huge octagonal hall where the original British Parliament convened in the days before the modern Parliament building existed. It had been years since he had been there, but he remembered it being out through the cloister somewhere. Taking several steps back from the tomb, Langdon peered around the choir book binding to his right, across the nave to the side opposite that which they had descended.A gaping vaulted passageway stood nearby, with a large sign.THIS steering TOCLOISTERSDEANERYCOLLEGE HALLMUSEUMPYX CHAMBERST. FAITHS CHAPELCHAPTER HOUSELa ngdon and Sophie were jogging as they passed beneath the sign, wretched too quickly to notice the small announcement apologizing that certain areas were closed for renovations.They emerged immediately into a high-walled, open-roof motor inn through which morning rain was falling. Above them, the wind howled across the opening with a low drone, like someone blowing over the mouth of a bottle. Entering the narrow, low-hanging walkways that bordered the courtyard perimeter, Langdon felt the familiar anxiousness he always felt in enclosed spaces. These walkways were called cloisters, and Langdon noted with uneasiness that these particular cloisters lived up to their Latin ties to the word claustrophobic.Focusing his mind straight ahead toward the end of the tunnel, Langdon followed the signs for the Chapter House. The rain was spitting right away, and the walkway was snappy and damp with gusts of rain that blew through the lone pillared wall that was the cloisters and source of li ght. Another equalise scurried past them the other way, hurrying to get out of the worsening weather. The cloisters looked deserted without delay, admittedly the abbeys least tempting section in the wind and rain.Forty yards down the east cloister, an archway materialized on their left, giving way to another hallway. Although this was the entrance they were looking for, the opening was cordoned off by a swag and an official-looking sign.CLOSED FOR regainingPYX CHAMBERST. FAITHS CHAPELCHAPTER HOUSEThe long, deserted corridor beyond the swag was littered with scaffolding and demean cloths. Immediately beyond the swag, Langdon could see the entrances to the Pyx Chamber and St. Faiths Chapel on the right and left. The entrance to the Chapter House, however, was a lot farther away, at the far end of the long hallway. Even from here, Langdon could see that its heavy wooden limen was wide open, and the spacious octagonal interior was bathed in a grayish natural light from the rooms e normous windows that looked out on College Garden. Go through Chapter House, outsouth exit, to public garden.We just left the east cloister, Langdon said, so the south exit to the garden must be through there and to the right.Sophie was already stepping over the swag and moving forward.As they hurried down the dark corridor, the sounds of the wind and rain from the open cloister faded behind them. The Chapter House was a kind of satellite structure a freestanding annex at the end of the long hallway to ensure the privacy of the Parliament proceedings housed there.It looks huge, Sophie whispered as they approached.Langdon had forgotten just how large this room was. Even from outside the entrance, he could gaze across the vast expanse of floor to the breathtaking windows on the far side of the octagon, which rose five stories to a vaulted ceiling. They would certainly have a clear view of the garden from in here.Crossing the threshold, both Langdon and Sophie found themselves having to squint. After the blasphemous cloisters, the Chapter House felt like a solarium. They were a good ten feet into the room, searching the south wall, when they established the limen they had been promised was not there.They were standing in an enormous dead end.The creaking of a heavy door behind them made them turn, just as the door closed with a resounding thud and the bar fell into place.The lone man who had been standing behind the door looked calm as he aimed a small revolver at them. He was portly and was propped on a pair of aluminum crutches.For a moment Langdon thought he must be dreaming.It was Leigh Teabing. CHAPTER 99Sir Leigh Teabing felt rueful as he gazed out over the barrel of his Medusa revolver at Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu. My friends, he said, since the moment you walked into my home last night, I have done everything in my power to keep you out of harms way. But your persistence has now put me in a difficult position.He could see the expressions of sh ock and betrayal on Sophies and Langdons darings, and in time he was confident that soon they would both understand the chain of events that had guided the three of them to this unlikely crossroads.There is so much I have to tell you both so much you do not yet understand.Please believe, Teabing said, I never had any intention of your being involved. You came to my home. You came searching for me.Leigh? Langdon finally managed. What the perdition are you doing? We thought you were in trouble. We came here to help youAs I trusted you would, he said. We have much to discuss.Langdon and Sophie seemed unable to tear their stunned gazes from the revolver aimed at them.It is simply to ensure your full attention, Teabing said. If I had wanted to harm you, you would be dead by now. When you walked into my home last night, I risked everything to spare your lives. I am a man of honor, and I vowed in my robustest conscience merely to sacrifice those who had betrayed the Sangreal.What are you talking about? Langdon said. Betrayed the Sangreal?I discovered a terrible truth, Teabing said, sighing. I learned why the Sangreal documents were never revealed to the world. I learned that the Priory had decided not to release the truth after all. Thats why the millennium passed without any revelation, why nothing happened as we entered the End of Days.Langdon drew a breath, about to protest.The Priory, Teabing continued, was given a sacred charge to share the truth. To release the Sangreal documents when the End of Days arrived. For centuries, men like Da Vinci, Botticelli, and Newton risked everything to shelter the documents and necessitate out that charge. And now, at the ultimate moment of truth, Jacques Sauniere changed his mind. The man honored with the greatest responsibility in Christian history eschewed his duty. He decided the time was not right. Teabing turned to Sophie. He failed the Grail. He failed the Priory. And he failed the storage of all the generations that had worked to make that moment possible.You? Sophie declared, glancing up now, her green eyes boring into him with rage and realization. You are the one responsible for my granddads murder?Teabing scoffed. Your grandfather and his senechaux were traitors to the Grail. Sophie felt a fury rising from deep within. Hes lyingTeabings phonation was relentless. Your grandfather sold out to the perform. It is obvious they pressured him to keep the truth quiet.Sophie shook her head. The church had no forge on my grandfatherTeabing laughed coldly. My dear, the perform has two thousand years of experience pressuring those who threaten to unveil its lies. Since the days of Constantine, the Church has successfully hidden the truth about Mary Magdalene and Jesus. We should not be surprised that now, once again, they have found a way to keep the world in the dark. The Church may no longer employ crusaders to slaughter non-believers, but their influence is no less persuasive. No less insi dious. He paused, as if to punctuate his next point. Miss Neveu, for some time now your grandfather has wanted to tell you the truth about your family.Sophie was stunned. How could you know that?My methods are immaterial. The important thing for you to grasp right now is this. He took a deep breath. The deaths of your mother, father, grandmother, and brother were not accidental.The words sent Sophies emotions reeling. She opened her mouth to speak but was unable. Langdon shook his head. What are you saying?Robert, it explains everything. All the pieces fit. History repeats itself. The Church has a precedent of murder when it comes to silencing the Sangreal. With the End of Days imminent, killing the Grand Masters loved ones sent a very clear message. Be quiet, or you and Sophie are next.It was a car accident, Sophie stammered, feeling the childhood pain welling inside her. An accidentBedtime stories to protect your innocence, Teabing said. care that only two family members went unt ouched the Priorys Grand Master and his lone granddaughter the perfect pair to provide the Church with control over the brotherhood. I can only imagine the terror the Church wielded over your grandfather these past years, threatening to kill you if he dared release the Sangreal secret, threatening to finish the job they started unless Sauniere influenced the Priory to reconsider its quaint vow.Leigh, Langdon argued, now visibly riled, certainly you have no proof that the Church had anything to do with those deaths, or that it influenced the Priorys conclusion to remain silent.Proof? Teabing fired back. You want proof the Priory was influenced? The new millennium has arrived, and yet the world clay ignorant Is that not proof bountiful?In the echoes of Teabings words, Sophie heard another voice speaking. Sophie, I must tell you the truth about your family.She realized she was trembling. Could this possibly be that truth her grandfather had wanted to tell her? That her family had been off? What did she truly know about the crash that took her family? Only sketchy details. Even the stories in the report had been vague. An accident? Bedtime stories? Sophie flashed suddenly on her grandfathers over protectiveness, how he never liked to leave her alone when she was young. Even when Sophie was grown and away at university, she had the sense her grandfather was watching over. She wondered if there had been Priory members in the shadows throughout her entire life, looking after her.You suspected he was being manipulated, Langdon said, glaring with disbelief at Teabing. So you murdered him?I did not pull the trigger, Teabing said. Sauniere was dead years ago, when the Church stole his family from him. He was compromised. Now he is free of that pain, released from the shame caused by his inability to carry out his sacred duty. Consider the alternative. Something had to be done. Shall the world be ignorant forever? Shall the Church be allowed to cement its lies int o our history books for all eternity? Shall the Church be permitted to influence indefinitely with murder and extortion? No, something needed to be done And now we are self-contained to carry out Saunieres legacy and right a terrible wrong. He paused. The three of us. Together.Sophie felt only incredulity. How could you possibly believe that we would help you?Because, my dear, you are the reason the Priory failed to release the documents. Your grandfathers love for you prevented him from challenging the Church. His fear of reprisal against his only remaining family crippled him. He never had a chance to explain the truth because you rejected him, tying his hands, making him wait. Now you owe the world the truth. You owe it to the memory of your grandfather.Robert Langdon had given up trying to get his bearings. Despite the torrent of questions running through his mind, he knew only one thing mattered now acquire Sophie out of here alive. All the guilt Langdon had mistakenly felt earlier for involving Teabing had now been transferred to Sophie.I took her to Chateau Villette. I am responsible.Langdon could not fathom that Leigh Teabing would be capable of killing them in cold blood herein the Chapter House, and yet Teabing certainly had been involved in killing others during his misguided quest. Langdon had the uneasy feeling that electric rayshots in this secluded, thick-walled chamber would go unheard, especially in this rain. And Leigh just admitted his guilt to us.Langdon glanced at Sophie, who looked shaken. The Church murdered Sophies family to silence the Priory? Langdon felt certain the modern Church did not murder pack. There had to be some other explanation. let Sophie leave, Langdon declared, staring at Leigh. You and I should discuss this alone. Teabing gave an unnatural laugh. Im afraid that is one show of faith I cannot afford. I can, however, offer you this. He propped himself fully on his crutches, gracelessly keeping the gunaimed at Sophi e, and removed the sand from his pocket. He swayed a bit as he held it out for Langdon. A token of trust, Robert.Robert felt wakeful and didnt move. Leigh is giving the keystone back to us?Take it, Teabing said, thrusting it awkwardly toward Langdon.Langdon could imagine only one reason Teabing would give it back. You opened it already. You removed the map.Teabing was shaking his head. Robert, if I had solved the keystone, I would have disappeared to find the Grail myself and kept you uninvolved. No, I do not know the answer. And I can admit that freely. A true knight learns humility in the face of the Grail. He learns to obey the signs placed before him. When I saw you enter the abbey, I understood. You were here for a reason. To help. I am not looking for leftover glory here. I serve a far greater master than my own pride. The Truth. Mankind deserves to know that truth. The Grail found us all, and now she is begging to be revealed. We must work together.Despite Teabings pleas f or cooperation and trust, his gun remained trained on Sophie as Langdon stepped forward and accepted the cold marble cylinder. The vinegar inside gurgled as Langdon grasped it and stepped backward. The dials were still in random order, and the cryptex remained locked.Langdon eyed Teabing. How do you know I wont smash it right now?Teabings laugh was an eerie chortle. I should have realized your threat to break it in the Temple Church was an empty one. Robert Langdon would never break the keystone. You are an historian, Robert. You are holding the key to two thousand years of history the lost key to the Sangreal. You can feel the souls of all the knights burned at the stake to protect her secret. Would you have them die in vain? No, you will vindicate them. You will join the ranks of the great men you admire Da Vinci, Botticelli, Newton each of whom would have been honored to be in your shoes right now. The contents of the keystone are crying out to us. Longing to be set free. The time has come. requisite has led us to this moment.I cannot help you, Leigh. I have no idea how to open this. I only saw Newtons tomb for a moment. And even if I knew the password Langdon paused, realizing he had said too much.You would not tell me? Teabing sighed. I am disappointed and surprised, Robert, that you do not appreciate the extent to which you are in my debt. My task would have been far simpler had Remy and I eliminated you both when you walked into Chateau Villette. Instead I risked everything to take the impressiver course.This is noble? Langdon demanded, eyeing the gun.Saunieres fault, Teabing said. He and his senechaux lied to Silas. Otherwise, I would have obtained the keystone without complication. How was I to imagine the Grand Master would go to such ends to deceive me and bequeath the keystone to an estranged granddaughter? Teabing looked at Sophie with disdain. Someone so unqualified to hold this knowledge that she required a symbologist baby-sitter. Teabing glanced back at Langdon. Fortunately, Robert, your involvement turned out to be my preservation grace. Rather than the keystone remaining locked in the depository bank forever, you extracted it and walked into my home.Where else would I run? Langdon thought. The community of Grail historians is small, and Teabing and I have a history together.Teabing now looked smug. When I learned Sauniere left you a last message, I had a pretty good idea you were holding valuable Priory selective information. Whether it was the keystone itself, or information on where to find it, I was not sure. But with the police on your heels, I had a creep suspicion you might arrive on my doorstep. Langdon glared. And if we had not? I was formulating a plan to extend you a helping hand. One way or another, the keystone was coming to Chateau Villette. The fact that you delivered it into my waiting hands only serves as proof that my cause is just.What Langdon was appalled.Silas was supposed to break in and s teal the keystone from you in Chateau Villette gum olibanum removing you from the equation without hurting you, and exonerating me from any suspicion of complicity. However, when I saw the intricacy of Saunieres codes, I decided to imply you both in my quest a bit longer. I could have Silas steal the keystone later, once I knew enough to carry on alone.The Temple Church, Sophie said, her tone awash with betrayal.Light begins to dawn, Teabing thought. The Temple Church was the perfect location to steal the keystone from Robert and Sophie, and its apparent relevance to the poem made it a glib decoy. Remys orders had been clear stay out of sight while Silas recovers the keystone. Unfortunately, Langdons threat to smash the keystone on the chapel floor had caused Remy to panic. If only Remy had not revealed himself, Teabing thought ruefully, recalling his own mock kidnapping. Remy was the sole link to me, and he showed his faceFortunately, Silas remained unaware of Teabings true i dentity and was easily fooled into taking him from the church and then watching naively as Remy pretended to tie their hostage in the back of the limousine. With the soundproof divider raised, Teabing was able to phone Silas in the front seat, use the fake French accent of the Teacher, and direct Silas to go straight to report Dei. A simple anonymous tip to the police was all it would take to remove Silas from the picture.One loose end tied up.The other loose end was harder. Remy.Teabing struggled deeply with the decision, but in the end Remy had proven himself a liability. Every Grail quest requires sacrifice.The cleanest solution had been staring Teabing in the face from the limousines wet bar a flask, some cognac, and a can of peanuts. The powder at the bottom of the can would be more than enough to trigger Remys deadly allergy. When Remy parked the limo on Horse Guards Parade, Teabing climbed out of the back, walked to the side passenger door, and sat in the front next to Remy . Minutes later, Teabing got out of the car, climbed into the rear again, cleaned up the evidence, and finally emerged to carry out the final phase of his mission.Westminster Abbey had been a short walk, and although Teabings leg braces, crutches, and gun had set off the metal detector, the rent-a-cops never knew what to do. Do we ask him to remove his braces and crawl through? Do we frisk his deformed body? Teabing presented the flustered guards a far easier solution an embossed card identifying him as Knight of the Realm. The poor fellows often tripped over one another ushering him in.Now, eyeing the bewildered Langdon and Neveu, Teabing resisted the urge to reveal how he had brilliantly implicated Opus Dei in the plot that would soon bring about the demise of the entire Church. That would have to wait. Right now there was work to do.Mes amis,Teabing declared in flawless French, vous ne trouvez pas le Saint-Graal, cest leSaint-Graal qui vous trouve. He smiled. Our paths together could not be more clear. The Grail has found us. Silence. He spoke to them in a whisper now. Listen. heap you hear it? The Grail is speaking to us across the centuries. She is begging to be saved from the Priorys folly. I entreat you both to recognize this opportunity. There could not possibly be three more capable people assembled at this moment to break the final code and open the cryptex. Teabing paused, his eyes alight. We need to swear an gadfly together. A pledge of faith to one another. A knights allegiance to uncover the truth and make it known.Sophie stared deep into Teabings eyes and spoke in a steely tone. I will never swear an pesterer with my grandfathers murderer. Except an oath that I will see you go to prison.Teabings heart turned grave, then resolute. I am sorry you feel that way, mademoiselle. He turned and aimed the gun at Langdon. And you, Robert? Are you with me, or against me?